Mortgage Glossary

Glossaire hypothécaire

Whether you're a first-time buyer or looking to refinance, mortgage language can sometimes feel overwhelming. This glossary breaks down key terms to help you better understand your options, make informed decisions, and feel more confident at every stage of your mortgage journey.

Amortization
The period over which your mortgage balance is scheduled to be paid off with regular payments, typically 25 years for conventional mortgages.
Appraisal
An independent assessment of a property's market value, required by lenders before approving a mortgage.
CMHC (Mortgage Loan Insurance)
Insurance provided by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, required when your down payment is less than 20%.
Down Payment
The initial payment made by the buyer, typically 5–20% of the purchase price, with under 20% requiring mortgage insurance.
Fixed-Rate Mortgage
A mortgage where the interest rate remains the same for the full term, offering predictable monthly payments.
Variable‑Rate Mortgage
An interest rate that fluctuates with the lender’s prime rate, which can lower payments initially but increase if rates rise.
Loan‑to‑Value (LTV) Ratio
The percentage of the home's value financed by the mortgage—e.g., an 80% LTV means 20% was a down payment.
Mortgage Default Insurance
Insurance to protect the lender, required when the down payment is less than 20%, typically added to the mortgage amount.
Closing Costs
Expenses paid at the end of a real estate transaction, including legal fees, land transfer tax, title insurance, and adjustments.
Credit Score
A number between 300–900 that indicates your creditworthiness, affecting your mortgage approval and interest rate.
Debt Service Ratio
A calculation used by lenders to assess your ability to manage mortgage payments relative to income and other debts.
Equity
The portion of your home you truly “own” — the difference between its market value and your remaining mortgage balance.
Home Buyers' Plan (HBP)
A federal program allowing first-time buyers to withdraw up to $35,000 from their RRSPs tax-free to buy a home.
Interest Rate
The percentage charged on a mortgage loan, determining how much interest you’ll pay over time.
Mortgage Term
The length of time your mortgage contract is in effect, typically between 6 months and 10 years.
Portability
A feature that lets you transfer your existing mortgage to a new property without penalties.
Prepayment Privileges
Options that allow you to pay down your mortgage faster, such as lump-sum payments or increased regular payments.
Stress Test
A federal rule requiring you to qualify for a mortgage at a higher interest rate to ensure affordability under future rate increases.
Title Insurance
A policy that protects against issues related to property ownership or title defects.

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